COMPUTER COMPONENTS

COMPUTER COMPONENTS
Types of Computer Components.



                                   

 Cashing a computer is a computer component that serves as the place we put or attach the motherboard, power supply, optical disc drive, hard disk, and so forth. Computer case is distinguished by its size which is often referred to as the form factor (such as ATX and Micro ATX) form factor, which refers to the form factor motherboard that supports                
       
                                                     

                                                          POWER SUPPLY

 Like a car that can not run if you do not have fuel, then a computer would not be able to flame or function if it has no power supply or PSU (Power Supply Unit) is. Power supply is a computer component that serves to supply electrical power to other computer components such as motherboard, hard disk, optical disk drives, and so forth.                                                  


                                                          Motherboard / Mainboard
 

                                             

 

                                             Motherboard is a computer component where we plug in or install computer components such as the processor, video card, sound card, hard disk, and so forth. The motherboard serves to connect each computer components that can communicate with each other. Each motherboard has its specifications respectively, specs like processor supports what and how much capacity is the maximum RAM supported by the motherboard.                                                                 


                                                              PROCESSOR
                    

                                   

 

                                              If a computer is like as a human being, then the processor is the human brain. Processor or CPU (Central Processing Unit) is a component of the duty to execute computer instructions or perform calculations. Before buying a processor you should find out in advance what processor socket motherboard is owned by you, whether socket AM2, socket LGA, or so forth.                                                                        

                                                                       
                                                                          RAM

 RAMs for Random Access Memory, which is a computer component that serves to store data from a program that we are running and the data can be accessed randomly or random. Before buying a RAM you should find out in advance what the RAM slot motherboard owned by you, whether SDRAM, DDR, DDR2, DDR3 or others.

 

 

 

 

Video Card

            

              

 

 

this video card is a computer component that serves to generate output images to display on the monitor. Before you buy a video card, you should find out in advance what video card slot is owned by your motherboard, whether slot PCI, AGP, PCI-X, PCI Express, or so forth.




                                                         

                                                                       HARD DISK

Hard disk is a component of the computer where we store data. The greater the capacity of the hard disk that we have on our computers, the more data that we can also save on our computers are. Before buying a hard disk you should find out in advance what the hard disk interface that is owned by your motherboard, whether IDE, SCSI, SATA, or so forth.

                                              

                                                            Optical Disc Drive
Although without an optical disc drive of the computer we can flame or function, but it seems no one is computer components such as computer isolated from the outside world, isolated from the outside world means we will have difficulty if one wants to copy data, install programs , watch VCD or DVD movies, which are all stored in a CD or DVD. Optical Disc Drive can be either CD-ROM, DVD-ROM, DVD-RW, Blu-Ray, or so forth. Before purchasing an optical disk drive you should find out first what the interface that is owned by your motherboard, whether IDE, SATA, or so forth.

                                              

                
                                                                      Monitor
Monitor is a computer component that serves to display images that are output from the video card. Computer monitors are widely available in the market today is a CRT monitor (the monitor tube) and LCD monitors, but nowadays most people prefer using the LCD monitor (especially in offices) for LCD monitor except it looks more modern, it also has Other advantages are space-saving and power-saving.

                
                                                                     Keyboard

                                        


Keyboard input is a computer component that serves as a tool to type something. In addition to the standard keyboard, computer keyboard now has an assortment of models, such as the mini keyboard, flexible keyboard that can be folded, wireless keyboard that uses bluetooth, and so forth.



                                                                                                                      
                                                                            Mouse

                                      Mouse input is a computer component that serves to move the cursor on our screen and to click on something like the buttons in an application program. Mouse is also an assortment of models, there is a standard mouse, mouse for gaming purposes, a wireless mouse that uses bluetooth, and so forth.

COMPUTER OF CLASSIFICATION

a)      COMPUTER FOR INDIVIDUALS

Computer: Definition

A computer is a machine that can be programmed to manipulate symbols. Its principal characteristics are:

• It responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined manner.
• It can execute a pre recorded list of instructions (a program).
• It can quickly store and retrieve large amounts of data.

Personal Computer Types

·         Actual personal computers can be generally classified by size and chassis / case. The chassis or case is the metal frame that serves as the structural support for electronic components. Every computer system requires at least one chassis to house the circuit boards and wiring. The chassis also contains slots for expansion boards. If you want to insert more boards than there are slots, you will need an expansion chassis, which provides additional slots. There are two basic flavors of chassis designs–desktop models and tower models–but there are many variations on these two basic types. Then come the portable computers that are computers small enough to carry. Portable computers include notebook and subnotebook computers, hand-held computers, palmtops, and PDAs.

Profesional Workstation

·         It is a type of computer used for engineering applications (CAD/CAM), desktop publishing, software development, and other types of applications that require a moderate amount of computing power and relatively high quality graphics capabilities. Workstations generally come with a large, high-resolution graphics screen, at large amount of RAM, built-in network support, and a graphical user interface. Most workstations also have a mass storage device such as a disk drive, but a special type of workstation, called a diskless workstation, comes without a disk drive. The most common operating systems for workstations are UNIX and Windows NT. Like personal computers, most workstations are single-user computers. However, workstations are typically linked together to form a local-area network, although they can also be used as stand-alone systems.

·         N.B.: In networking, workstation refers to any computer connected to a local-area network. It could be a workstation or a personal computer.

Desktop computer
A computer designed to fit comfortably on top of a desk, typically with the monitor sitting on top of the computer. Desktop model computers are broad and low, whereas tower model computers are narrow and tall. Because of their shape, desktop model computers are generally limited to three internal mass storage devices. Desktop models designed to be very small are sometimes referred to as slimline models.
Notebook computer
An extremely light weight personal computer. Notebook computers typically weigh less than 6 pounds and are small enough to fit easily in a briefcase. Aside from size, the principal difference between a notebook computer and a personal computer is the display screen. Notebook computers use a variety of techniques, known as flat-panel technologies, to produce a lightweight and non-bulky display screen. The quality of notebook display screens varies considerably. In terms of computing power, modern notebook computers are nearly equivalent to personal computers. They have the same CPUs, memory capacity, and disk drives. However, all this power in a small package is expensive. Notebook computers cost about twice as much as equivalent regular-sized computers. Notebook computers come with battery packs that enable you to run them without plugging them in. However, the batteries need to be recharged every few hours.
                                                              
PDA
Short for personal digital assistant, a hand held device that combines computing, telephone/fax, and networking features. A typical PDA can function as a cellular phone, fax sender, and personal organizer. Unlike portable computers, most PDAs are pen-based, using a stylus rather than a keyboard for input. This means that they also incorporate handwriting recognition features. Some PDAs can also react to voice input by using voice recognition technologies. The field of PDA was pioneered by Apple Computer, which introduced the Newton Message Pad in 1993. Shortly thereafter, several other manufacturers offered similar products. To date, PDAs have had only modest success in the marketplace, due to their high price tags and limited applications. However, many experts believe that PDAs will eventually become common gadgets.
PDAs are also called palmtops, hand-held computers and pocket computers.
                                  

b)     COMPUTER FOR ORGANIZATION

Super computer

A supercomputer is a computer at the frontline of current processing capacity, particularly speed of calculation. Supercomputers were introduced in the 1960s and were designed primarily by Seymour Cray at Control Data Corporation (CDC), and later at Cray Research. While the supercomputers of the 1970s used only a few processors, in the 1990s, machines with thousands of processors began to appear and by the end of the 20th century, massively parallel supercomputers with tens of thousands of "off-the-shelf" processors were the norm.

Systems with a massive number of processors generally take one of two paths: in one approach, e.g. in grid computing the processing power of a large number of computers in distributed, diverse administrative domains, is opportunistically used whenever a computer is available.^[4] In another approach, a large number of processors are used in close proximity to each other, e.g. in a computer cluster. The use of multi-core processors combined with centralization is an emerging direction. Currently, IBM Sequoia is the fastest in the world.

Supercomputers are used for highly calculation-intensive tasks such as problems including quantum physics, weather forecasting, climate research, oil and gas exploration, molecular modeling (computing the structures and properties of chemical compounds, biological macromolecules, polymers, and crystals), and physical simulations (such as simulation of airplanes in wind tunnels, simulation of the detonation of nuclear weapons, and research into nuclear fusion).

                                   

                                                            Super computer

Mainframes Computer

Technology advances since the introduction of the mainframe computer in the mid-20th century have blurred the distinctions between mainframes and large servers, but there are still distinctions that classify some computing machines as mainframe computers -- including speed, total throughput, environmental considerations and operating systems. Mainframe computers are alive and well, evidenced by the fact that IBM announced the release the zEnterprise mainframe in July of 2010.

The classic definition of a mainframe computer is a machine that produces high computing performance that is used by large companies which have matching large-scale computing requirements. A mainframe provides greater reliability, availability and security than their smaller counterparts. Mainframes are typically used in centralized computing environments as opposed to distributed environments, and are generally considered to be much more adept at multi-purpose computing than smaller servers.
                                         

                                                                     Mainframe computer

Mini Computers

Minicomputers came to us in the 1960s with the use of transistors and core memory. Thought to be obsolete today, the term is sometimes used for systems that fall in-between the microcomputer and large mainframe systems.

The first successful minicomputer was the 12 bit PDP-8 from Digital Equipment Corporation of Massachusetts. Unlike a mainframe that filled an entire room, the minicomputer took up the space a few large cabinets and the basic version could sit atop a desk.

Small businesses had no need and often no space for large mainframe computer systems. The minicomputer filled the needs of small business, and were very popular in the scientific community. You could attach peripherals like printers and they could handle word processing and other simple tasks.

The beginning of microcomputers still allowed a place for the minicomputer which was grew from a 16-bit to a 32-bit machine. When they were first introduced, microcomputers were single user machines, low power and not practical for even small businesses.

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                                                            Minicomputer

SERVERS

Definition: A network server is a computer designed to process requests and deliver data to other (client) computers over a local network or the Internet.

Network servers typically are configured with additional processing, memory and storage capacity to handle the load of servicing clients. Common types of network servers include:

·         Web servers

·         proxy servers

·         FTP servers

·         online game servers

Numerous systems use this client / server networking model including Web sites and email services. An alternative model, peer-to-peer networking enables all computers to act as either a server or client as needed.

                                

                                                           Computer server